---
title: 'PostgreSQL AND Operator'
page_title: 'PostgreSQL AND Operator'
page_description: 'In this tutorial, you will learn about PostgreSQL AND logical operator and how to use it to combine multiple boolean expressions.'
prev_url: 'https://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-and/'
ogImage: '/postgresqltutorial/film.png'
updatedOn: '2024-02-12T11:29:29+00:00'
enableTableOfContents: true
previousLink:
  title: 'PostgreSQL WHERE'
  slug: 'postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-where'
nextLink:
  title: 'PostgreSQL OR Operator'
  slug: 'postgresql-tutorial/postgresql-or'
---

**Summary**: in this tutorial, you will learn about the PostgreSQL `AND` logical operator and how to use it to combine multiple boolean expressions.

## Introduction to the PostgreSQL AND operator

In PostgreSQL, a [boolean](postgresql-boolean) value can have one of three values: `true`, `false`, and `null`.

PostgreSQL uses `true`, `'t'`, `'true'`, `'y'`, `'yes'`, `'1'` to represent `true` and `false`, `'f'`, `'false'`, `'n'`, `'no'`, and `'0'` to represent `false`.

A boolean expression is an expression that evaluates to a boolean value. For example, the expression `1=1` is a boolean expression that evaluates to `true`:

```phpsqlsql
SELECT 1 = 1 AS result;
```

Output:

```text
 result
--------
 t
(1 row)
```

The letter `t` in the output indicates the value of `true`.

The `AND` operator is a logical operator that combines two boolean expressions.

Here’s the basic syntax of the `AND` operator:

```sql
expression1 AND expression2
```

In this syntax, `expression1` and `expression2` are boolean expressions that evaluate to `true`, `false`, or `null`.

The `AND` operator returns `true` only if both expressions are `true`. It returns `false` if one of the expressions is `false`. Otherwise, it returns `null`.

The following table shows the results of the `AND` operator when combining `true`, `false`, and `null`. Note that the order of the expressions doesn't matter, for example both `true AND null` and `null AND true` will evaluate to `null`.

| expression1 | expression2 | expression1 AND expression2 |
| ----------- | ----------- | --------------------------- |
| True        | True        | True                        |
| True        | False       | False                       |
| True        | Null        | Null                        |
| False       | False       | False                       |
| False       | Null        | False                       |
| Null        | Null        | Null                        |

In practice, you often use the `AND` operator in a [`WHERE`](postgresql-where) clause to ensure that all specified expressions must be true for a row to be included in the result set.

## PostgreSQL AND operator

Let’s explore some examples of using the `AND` operator.

### 1\) Basic PostgreSQL AND operator examples

The following example uses the `AND` operator to combine two true values, which returns true:

```sql
SELECT true AND true AS result;
```

Output:

```text
 result
--------
 t
(1 row)
```

The following statement uses the `AND` operator to combine true with false, which returns false:

```sql
SELECT true AND false AS result;
```

Output:

```text
 result
--------
 f
(1 row)
```

The following example uses the `AND` operator to combine true with null, which returns null:

```sql
SELECT true AND null AS result;
```

Output:

```text
 result
--------
 null
(1 row)
```

The following example uses the `AND` operator to combine false with false, which returns false:

```sql
SELECT false AND false AS result;
```

Output:

```text
 result
--------
 f
(1 row)
```

The following example uses the `AND` operator to combine false with null, which returns false:

```sql
SELECT false AND null AS result;
```

Output:

```text
 result
--------
 f
(1 row)
```

The following example uses the `AND` operator to combine null with null, which returns null:

```sql
SELECT null AND null AS result;
```

Output:

```
 result
--------
 null
(1 row)
```

### 2\) Using the AND operator in the WHERE clause

We’ll use the `film` table from the [sample database](../postgresql-getting-started/postgresql-sample-database) for the demonstration:

![](/postgresqltutorial/film.png)The following example uses the `AND` operator in the `WHERE` clause to find the films that have a length greater than 180 and a rental rate less than 1:

```
SELECT
  title,
  length,
  rental_rate
FROM
  film
WHERE
  length > 180
  AND rental_rate < 1;
```

Output:

```text
       title        | length | rental_rate
--------------------+--------+-------------
 Catch Amistad      |    183 |        0.99
 Haunting Pianist   |    181 |        0.99
 Intrigue Worst     |    181 |        0.99
 Love Suicides      |    181 |        0.99
 Runaway Tenenbaums |    181 |        0.99
 Smoochy Control    |    184 |        0.99
 Sorority Queen     |    184 |        0.99
 Theory Mermaid     |    184 |        0.99
 Wild Apollo        |    181 |        0.99
 Young Language     |    183 |        0.99
(10 rows)
```

## Summary

- Use the `AND` operator to combine multiple boolean expressions.